The impact of whale shark (Rhincodon typus) tourism in Quintana Roo, Mexico

2017

Kanina Francine Harty (MSc Marine Environmental Management - University of York)

Keywords: Mexican Caribbean • Sustainable marine tourism • Isla Mujeres • Tourism management • Elasmobranch • Yucatan

Summary: Tourism involving whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) in Quintana Roo state, Mexico, has experienced a rapid increase, with tourist numbers growing from 1,500 to over 80,000 per year in just 14 years. However, this expansion has resulted in negative practices and impacts on both the behavior of whale sharks and the economic benefits for local operators. This study examines these impacts and their implications for the industry's future sustainability. Through questionnaires, interviews, and observations, it was revealed that the authorities were unaware of the true number of permits granted for whale shark interactions. The study emphasizes the need for further research to determine the revenue generated by this tourism and suggests introducing mandatory fees and implementing stricter regulations to ensure sustainable practices and benefit local communities.

Abstract

“Whale shark (Rhincodon typus), tourism numbers in Quintana Roo state, Mexico have increased from 1,500 to over 80,000 tourists per year in 14 years, attracted by the promise of an in-water experience with these charismatic megafauna. The rapid expansion of this tourism has encouraged bad practices in and out of the water, with reduced economic benefits for the local operators and increased impacts upon the behaviour of R. typus. This study investigates these impacts on R. typus and the tour operators; assessing the implications for the future sustainability of the industry through questionnaires, interviews and participant observations. Due to R. typus aggregations outside of the Whale Shark Biosphere Reserve, authorities were unaware of the true extent of collectively awarded permits. It was believed a total of 280 permits were granted, but this number was closer to 460 for one season. The regulations for interactions with R. typus were clear, but lacked enforcement. This study discovered that further research into how much revenue this tourism creates is essential to fund sufficient regulation, conservation and reinvestment to benefit local communities. A mandatory fee should be introduced to partake in R. typus tours, and an acceptable number of permits allocated for future sustainability.”

Author Affiliations

  • University of York

  • The Manta Trust